International compatibility of the measurement results was provided by the traceability to the national standard. A special evaluation method and a computer program were developed for carrying out long-term continuous measurements, which allowed for the automation of the control process. The system consisted of eight underwater gamma spectrometric detectors with scintillation crystals of NaI(Tl) 63Ã-250 mm. The main tasks for carrying out measurements with this system were the control of possible leaks of radioactive substances into the ocean water and the assessment of radioactive effects on the environment. The paper contains the description and the results of the measurements of the Russian system for radiation control, which was mounted on the hull of the " Kursk" nuclear submarine during its salvage. But what happened in that submarine? It seems clear that survival previsions were not sufficient.ĭevices and methods used for radiation monitoring of sea water during salvage and transportation of the Kursk nuclear submarine to dockīaranov, Igor Kharitonov, Igor Laykin, Andrey Olshansky, Yury After a great confusion and propaganda, there was no choice other than to accept the facts: the Kursk had suffered two explosions, had sunk and the whole crew had perished. It was equivalent to an explosion of 2-3 Tm of TNT. At 11:31:48, two minutes and fourteen seconds later, a second movement, 4.2 on the Richter scale and 250 times longer than the first, was recorded by different seismographs, even being detected in Alaska. At 11:29:34 (07:29:50 UTC the Norwegian seismic monitoring network (NORSAR registered an earthquake of intensity 1.5 on the Richter scale at northeast of Murmansk, approximately 250 Km from Norway, and 80 Km from the Kola Peninsula. During the manoeuvres, at 08:51 local time, the Kursk requested permission to prepare a torpedo and it received the response "Dobro" (good in English. The Kursk was a giant double-hulled submarine, with nine sealed compartments, considered impossible to be sunk. Survival previsions were not sufficientĭirectory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)įull Text Available On August 12, 2000, Saturday, a Russian submarine of the Oscar II class, the K-141 Kursk, sank in the Barents Sea, while sailing as part of the "Summer-X Exercise" manoeuvres. Navigation and history of science: autopsy to submarine Kursk. A more comprehensive report covering experience and monitoring results from the two expeditions term and impact assessments of possible future releases from Kursk. Furthermore, no increased levels were measured on bits and pieces from the submarine or from water sampled inside the submarine. Elevated levels of radioactivity have note been detected in any dose-rate readings or at any of the measurements of environmental samples taken close to Kursk. No indications of leakage from the submarine have so far been observed during the monitoring expeditions. The submarines in Oscar-II class is one of the largest and most capable in the Russian Northern Fleet. Each reactor has a thermal effect or 190 megawatt, or less than 10% of a typical nuclear power plant reactor. The submarine ' Kursk' is 154 meters long, equipped with two pressurised water reactors and the submerged displacement is 24000 tons. The submarine, a Russian Oscar class II attack submarine, sunk to 116 meters depth at the position 69 deg. In the morning of August 12th 2000, a Russian submarine accident occurred in international waters east of Rybatschi Peninsula in the Barents Sea about 250 km from Norway. International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Monitoring of radioactivity at the Russian nuclear submarine Kursk
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